ãèðÿ òîðãîâûé êàëèáðîâî÷íûé

ÐÏࡱá>þÿ …= ? U6" # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; 7˜­pTæVr0½ "C # p„3ÆCÆÄjr^”È=æÚ;ä¬x<½"Íæ0ýæ\®Ô—ê"Ä'—ê-48G5A:89 :>A:20 2004  ! 0==K9 CG51=>-48G5A:89 :>2 2KAH8E CG51=KE 702545=89 M;5:B@>B5E=8G5A:8E A?5F80;L=>AB59, 87CG0NI8E 48AF8?;8=C «5B@>;>38O, AB0=40@B870F8O 8 A5@B8D8:0F8O». = 65B 1KBL 8A?>;L7>20= B0:65 ?@8 87CG5=88 @O40 A@==>-87=8:0», «5B@>;>38O 8 M;5:B@8G5A:85 87<5@5=8O», «-;5:B@8G5A:85 87:0: >A=>2=>9 8 2A?>30B5;L=K9. A=>2=>9 1;>: A>45@68B A;54CNI85 @0745;K: «"5>@5B8G5A:85 >A=>2K ;>388», «5B@>;>38G5A:85 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 A@54AB2 879 B5E=8:8», «5B>4K 874K 874@0745;>2 8 ?C=:B>2, =0 :>B>@K5 @0718BK MB8 @0745;K, C:070=K 2 «!>45@60=88». A?>30B5;L=K9 1;>: A>45@68B @0745;K: «><<5=B0@88», «@8=B@>;L=K5 @01>BK», «!?8A>: 8A?>;L7C5:@0I5=89», «;>AA0@89», «@>3@0<A=>2=>3> 1;>:0 8 @0745; 2A?>30B5;L=>3> 1;>:0 89 ?>4G5@:=CBK9 B5:AB) 2 «!>45@60=88». 0G8=0BL @01>BC A # @5:>A=>2=>3> 1;>:0, 2K1@02 87 =53> CG51=K9 >B25BAB2CNI89 @01>G59 ?@>3@0<<5 87CG053> :C@A0. ;O 1>;55 3;C1>:>3> 87CG5=8O :>=:@5B=KE B5>1@07=> 8A?>;L7>20BL CG51=K9 30B5;L=>3> 1;>:0, =0 :>B>@K9 8A=>2=>3> 1;>:0. 7CG82 B>@K9 1K;0 A45;0=0 38?5@AAK;:0, 6=> 25@=CBLAO : 8AE>4=>A=>2=>3> 1;>:0, 8A?>;L7CO AB0=40@B=CN :>:C-48G5A:89 :>B0= A>B@C4=8:0@==>-879 B5E=8:8 - ("#). !  1. "5>@5B8G5A:85 >A=>2K ;>388. 1.1. A=>2=K5 ?>=OB8O ;>388.  HYPERLINK \l "_1.1.1._A=>2=K5_B5@2=K5 B5@?@545;5=8O.  HYPERLINK \l "_1.1.2._>3@5H=>AB8_873@5H=>AB8 87@@2 87?@>AK. 1.2. 5B@>;>38G5A:85 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 A@54AB2 879 B5E=8:8.  HYPERLINK \l "_1.2.1._A=>2=K5_B5@2=K5 B5@?@545;5=8O.  HYPERLINK \l "_1.2.2._>3@5H=>AB8_A@54AB2" 1.2.2. >3@5H=>AB8 A@54AB2 873@5H=>AB8_873@5H=>AB8 871@07>20B5;59.  HYPERLINK \l "_1.2.4._448B82=0O,_<C;LB8?;8:0B82=0O" 1.2.4. 448B82=0O, AB02;ONI85 ?>3@5H=>AB8.  HYPERLINK \l "_1.2.5._A=>2=0O_8" 1.2.5. A=>2=0O 8 4>?>;=8B5;L=K5 ?>3@5H=>AB8.  HYPERLINK \l "_1.2.6._;0AAK_B>G=>AB8" 1.2.6. ;0AAK B>G=>AB8 A@54AB2 87<5@5=89.  HYPERLINK \l "_1.2.7._!B0B8G5A:0O_45;L" 1.2.7. !B0B8G5A:0O 45;L A@54AB20 87<5@5=89.  HYPERLINK \l "_1.2.8._!C<20=85_?>3@5H=>AB59." 1.2.8. !C<20=85 ?>3@5H=>AB59. HYPERLINK \l "_1.2.9._1@01>B:0_?@OB:0 ?@O<KE 87B:0_:>A25==KE" 1.2.10. 1@01>B:0 :>A25==KE 87?@>AK. 8B5@0BC@0 : @0745;C 1. 2. 5B>4K 87<5@5=89 M;5:B@8G5A:8E 25;8G8=. 2.1. 7:>2.  HYPERLINK \l "_2.1.1._1I85_A2545=8O." 2.1.1. 1I85 A2545=8O.  HYPERLINK \l "_2.1.2._7AB>O==KE" 2.1.2. 7AB>O==KE =0?@O65=89 M;5:B@><5E0=8G5A:8@0<8.  HYPERLINK \l "_2.1.3._7AB>O==KE" 2.1.3. 7AB>O==KE B>:>2 M;5:B@><5E0=8G5A:8@0<8.  HYPERLINK \l "_2.1.4._7<5@5=85_?5@5<5==KE" 2.1.4. 7<5@5=85 ?5@5:>2 8 =0?@O65=89 M;5:B@><5E0=8G5A:8@0<8.  HYPERLINK \l "_2.1.5._7AB>O==KE" 2.1.5. 7AB>O==KE =0?@O65=89 0=0;>3>2K==K;LB<5B@0<8.  HYPERLINK \l "_2.1.6._7<5@5=85_?5@5<5==KE" 2.1.6. 7<5@5=85 ?5@53>2K==K;LB<5B@0<8.  HYPERLINK \l "_2.1.7._7<5@5=85_=0?@O65=89" 2.1.7. 7@0<8.  HYPERLINK \l "_2.1.8._7<5@5=85_=0?@O65=89" 2.1.8. 7AB>O==KE =0?@O65=89 F8D@>2K;LB<5B@0?@>AK. 2.2. 7<5@5=85 ?0@02 M;5:B@8G5A:8E F5?59.  HYPERLINK \l "_2.2.1._7?@>B82;5=89" 2.2.1. 7?@>B82;5=89 ?>AB>O==>:C.  HYPERLINK \l "_2.2.2._7<5@5=85_?0@02" 2.2.2. 7<5@5=85 ?0@02 M;5:B@8G5A:8E F5?59 =0 ?5@5:5. >?@>AK. 8B5@0BC@0 : @0745;C 2. 3. 5B>4K 87AB0B=K5 871@07>20B5;8.  HYPERLINK \l "_3.2.1._@8=F8?_459AB28O." 3.2.1. @8=F8? 459AB28O.  HYPERLINK \l "_3.2.2._7<5@8B5;L=K5_F5?8." 3.2.2. 7?@>AK. 3.3. "5=7>@578AB>@=K5 871@07>20B5;8.  HYPERLINK \l "_3.3.1._@8=F8?_459AB28O." 3.3.1. @8=F8? 459AB28O.  HYPERLINK \l "_3.3.2._A>15==>AB8_B5=7>@578AB>@=KE" 3.3.2. A>15==>AB8 B5=7>@578AB>@=KE .  HYPERLINK \l "_3.3.3._7<5@8B5;L=K5_F5?8." 3.3.3. 7?@>AK. 3.4. "5@@578AB>@=K5 871@07>20B5;8.  HYPERLINK \l "_3.4.1._@8=F8?_459AB28O." 3.4.1. @8=F8? 459AB28O.  HYPERLINK \l "_3.4.2._ 07=>284=>AB8_B5@@578AB>@=KE" 3.4.2. 07=>284=>AB8 B5@@578AB>@=KE .  HYPERLINK \l "_3.4.3._7<5@8B5;L=K5_F5?8." 3.4.3. 7?@>AK. 3.5. =4C:B82=K5 871@07>20B5;8.  HYPERLINK \l "_3.5.1._@8=F8?_459AB28O." 3.5.1. @8=F8? 459AB28O.  HYPERLINK \l "_3.5.2._7<5@8B5;L=K5_F5?8." 3.5.2. 7<5@8B5;L=K5 F5?8.  HYPERLINK \l "_3.5.3._@8<5=5=85_8=4C:B82=KE" 3.5.3. @8?@>AK. 3.6. AB=K5 871@07>20B5;8.  HYPERLINK \l "_3.6.1._@8=F8?_459AB28O." 3.6.1. @8=F8? 459AB28O.  HYPERLINK \l "_3.6.2._7<5@8B5;L=K5_F5?8." 3.6.2. 7?@>AK. 3.7. =4C:F8>==K5 871@07>20B5;8.  HYPERLINK \l "_3.7.1_@8=F8?_459AB28O." 3.7.1. @8=F8? 459AB28O.  HYPERLINK \l "_3.7.2._7<5@8B5;L=K5_F5?8." 3.7.2. 7?@>AK. 3.8. L57>M;5:B@8G5A:85 871@07>20B5;8.  HYPERLINK \l "_3.8.1._@8=F8?_459AB28O." 3.8.1. @8=F8? 459AB28O.  HYPERLINK \l "_3.8.2._7<5@8B5;L=K5_F5?8." 3.8.2. 7?@>AK. 3.9. "5@M;5:B@8G5A:85 871@07>20B5;8.  HYPERLINK \l "_3.9.1._@8=F8?_459AB28O." 3.9.1. @8=F8? 459AB28O.  HYPERLINK \l "_3.9.2._7<5@8B5;L=K5_F5?8." 3.9.2. 7?@>AK. 3.10. 5B>4K M;5:B@8G5A:8E 874K_874K 87<5@5=8O ;8=59=KE @072.  HYPERLINK \l "_3.10.3._5B>4K_874K 87<5@5=8O 4K_874K 87<5@5=8O ?0@02 42865=8O.  HYPERLINK \l "_3.10.5._5B>4K_874K 87<5@5=8O B5?@>AK. 8B5@0BC@0 : @0745;C 3. 4. 5B@>;>38G5A:>5 >15A?5G5=85. 4.1. A=>2K ;>38G5A:>3> >15A?5G5=8O.  HYPERLINK \l "_4.1.1.?@545;5=85." 4.1.1. ?@545;5=85.  HYPERLINK \l "_4.1.2._'5BK@5_>A=>2K" 4.1.2. '5BK@5 >A=>2K .  HYPERLINK \l "_4.1.3._>@@@8O_70:>=>40B5;L=>9" 4.1.4. AB>@8O 70:>=>40B5;L=>9 ;>388.  HYPERLINK \l "_4.1.5._-B0;>=K." 4.1.5. -B0;>=K.  HYPERLINK \l "_4.1.6._>25@>G=K5_AE525@>G=K5 AE5AC40@AB25==K5_?5@28G=K5" 4.1.7. >AC40@AB25==K5 ?5@28G=K5 MB0;>=K 0;LB0, >;>38G5A:85 A;C61K.  HYPERLINK \l "_4.2.1._>AC40@AB25==K9_:>AC40@AB25==K9 :> AB0=40@B870F88 8 ;>388.  HYPERLINK \l "_4.2.2._>AC40@AB25==0O_;>38G5A:0O" 4.2.2. >AC40@AB25==0O ;>38G5A:0O A;C610.  HYPERLINK \l "_4.2.3._564C=0@>4=K5_;>38G5A:85" 4.2.3. 564C=0@>4=K5 ;>38G5A:85 >@30=870F88. 4.3. >AC40@AB25==K9 ;>38G5A:89 =047>@ 8 :>=B@>;L.  HYPERLINK \l "_4.3.1._>=OB85_>" 4.3.1. >=OB85 > =047>@5 8 :>=B@>;5.  HYPERLINK \l "_4.3.2._>AC40@AB25==K5_8A?KB0=8O" 4.3.2. >AC40@AB25==K5 8A?KB0=8O A@54AB2 8725@:0_A@54AB2" 4.3.3. >25@:0 A@54AB2 872:0_A@54AB2" 4.3.4. 0;81@>2:0 A@54AB2 87;>38G5A:0O_0BB5AB0F8O" 4.3.5. 5B@>;>38G5A:0O 0BB5AB0F8O A@54AB2 873> >1>@C4>20=8O. >?@>AK. 8B5@0BC@0 : @0745;C 4. 5. !B0=40@B870F8O.  HYPERLINK \l "_5.1._2545=85." 5.1. 2545=85.  HYPERLINK \l "_5.2._84K_AB0=40@B>2." 5.2. 84K AB0=40@B>2.  HYPERLINK \l "_5.3._0F8>=0;L=K5_>@30=K" 5.3. 0F8>=0;L=K5 >@30=K ?> AB0=40@B870F88.  HYPERLINK \l "_5.4._1>7=0G5=8O_AB0=40@B>2." 5.4. 1>7=0G5=8O AB0=40@B>2.  HYPERLINK \l "_5.5._564C=0@>4=>5_A>B@C4=8G5AB2>" 5.5. 564C=0@>4=>5 A>B@C4=8G5AB2> 2 AD5@5 AB0=40@B870F88. >?@>AK. 8B5@0BC@0 : @0745;C 5. 6. !5@B8D8:0F8O.  HYPERLINK \l "_6.1._2545=85." 6.1. 2545=85. 6.2. >4B25@645=85 A>>B25BAB28O.  HYPERLINK \l "_6.2.1._&5;8_8" 6.2.1. &5;8 8 ?@8=F8?K ?>4B25@645=8O A>>B25BAB28O.  HYPERLINK \l "_6.2.2._$>@4B25@645=8O" 6.2.2. $>@4B25@645=8O A>>B25BAB28O.  HYPERLINK \l "_6.2.3._>1@>2>;L=>5_?>4B25@645=85" 6.2.3. >1@>2>;L=>5 ?>4B25@645=85 A>>B25BAB28O.  HYPERLINK \l "_6.2.4._1O70B5;L=>5_?>4B25@645=85" 6.2.4. 1O70B5;L=>5 ?>4B25@645=85 A>>B25BAB28O.  HYPERLINK \l "_6.3._5:;0@8@>20=85_A>>B25BAB28O." 6.3. 5:;0@8@>20=85 A>>B25BAB28O.  HYPERLINK \l "_6.4._1O70B5;L=0O_A5@B8D8:0F8O." 6.4. 1O70B5;L=0O A5@B8D8:0F8O.  HYPERLINK \l "_6.5._@30=870F8O_>1O70B5;L=>9" 6.5. @30=870F8O >1O70B5;L=>9 A5@B8D8:0F88.  HYPERLINK \l "_6.6._=0:_>1@0I5=8O" 6.6. =0: >1@0I5=8O =0 @K=:5.  HYPERLINK \l "_6.7._@020_8" 6.7. @020 8 >1O70==>AB8 70O28B5;O 2 >1;0AB8 >1O70B5;L=>3> ?>4B25@645=8O A>>B25BAB28O. >?@>AK. 8B5@0BC@0 : @0745;C 6.  HYPERLINK \l "_{11}" ><<5=B0@88  HYPERLINK \l "_{11}" @8=B@>;L=K5 @01>BK  HYPERLINK \l "_C@4>=_(Bourdon,_1808-1884)" ;>AA0@89  HYPERLINK \l "_!!_!,#+%_! )" !?8A>: 8A?>;L7C5:@0I5=89  HYPERLINK \l "_.$.05.__5B@>;>38O," @>3@0<2=K5 ?>=OB8O ;>388. 1.1.1. A=>2=K5 B5@?@545;5=8O. 5B@>;>38O  =0C:0 >1 87<5@5=8OE, 40E 8 A@54AB20E >15A?5G5=8O 8E 548=AB20 8 A?>A>10E 4>AB865=8O B@51C59 B>G=>AB8. 07;8G0NB B5>@5B8G5A:CN, 70:>=>40B5;L=CN 8 ?@0:B8G5A:CN (?@8:;04=CN) ;>38N.  HYPERLINK \l "_{11}" {11} >4 87<5@5=859 25;8G8=K ?>=82>:C?=>ABL >?5@0F89 ?> ?@83> A@54AB20, E@0=OI53> 548=8FC D878G5A:>9 25;8G8=K, >15A?5G820NI8E =0E>645=85 A>>B=>H5=8O (2 O2=>< 2845) 87<5@O59 25;8G8=K A 55 548=8F59 8 ?>;CG5=85 7=0G5=8O MB>9 25;8G8=K. 0==>5 B5E=8G5A:>5 A@54AB2> =07K20NB A@54AB2>< 87<5@5=89.  HYPERLINK \l "_{12}" {12} 07;8G0NB ?@OA25==K5, A>2>:C?=K5 8 A>2<5AB=K5 87<5@5=8O. @8 ?@O<KE 875 7=0G5=85 D878G5A:>9 25;8G8=K =0E>4OB =5?>A@54AB25==> 87 >?KB=KE 40==KE, =0?@8 ?>:070=8O< 873> ?@81>@0. @8 :>A25==KE 875 7=0G5=85 D878G5A:>9 25;8G8=K =0E>4OB =0 >A=>20=88 @57C;LB0B>2 ?@O<KE 879 8725AB=>9 DC=:F8>=0;L=>9 7028A8ABLN. @8<5@: 873> A>?@>B82;5=8O A ?>ILN 0<?5@;LB2>:C?=KE 8 A>2<5AB=KE 87872>48BAO 1>;55 A;>6=0O >1@01>B:0 ?@O<KE 87F5AA5 87AB05BAO =5879, B> A>>B25BAB2CNI85 87<5@5=8O =07K20NB AB0B8G5A:8B82=>< A;CG05  48=0<8G5A:8<8.  HYPERLINK \l "_{14}" {14} 07;8G0NB A;54CNI85 A@54AB20 87<5@5=89: <5@K, 87@K, 872:8 8 87<5@8B5;L=K5 A8AB5A?@>872545=8O D878G5A:>9 25;8G8=K 7040==>3> @07<5@0. 5@0 65B 1KBL >4=>7=0G=>9 8;8 3>7=0G=>9. @8@<0;L=K9 M;5<5=B  4=>7=0G=0O); ?@>B82;5=89  3>7=0G=0O 3> A>?@>B82;5=8O. 7@ ?>72>;O5B ?>;CG8BL 7=0G5=85 D878G5A:>9 25;8G8=K. @8<5@K: 0<?5@;LB<5B@. 72:8 8 A8AB51>9 A>2>:C?=>ABL DC=:F8>=0;L=> >1J548=5==KE <5@, 87@>2 8 4@C38E B5E=8G5A:8E A@54AB2 8 ?@54=07=0G5=K 4;O 874=>9 8;8 =5A:>;L:8E D878G5A:8E 25;8G8=. @82:0 4;O 8A?KB0=89 <03=8B=KE 2; 87<5@8B5;L=0O A8AB5M;5:B@>AB0=F88. @8 ?@>2545=88 87;L7CNB =5 B>;L:> A@54AB20 87 8 4@C385 A@54AB20 879 B5E=8:8: 871@07>20B5;8, A@54AB20 A@02=5=8O, 8=48:0B>@K 8 4@C385.  HYPERLINK \l "_{16}" {16} 1.1.2. >3@5H=>AB8 87 >:>=G0=88 871E>48 ?>;CG8BL =5 B>;L:> 7=0G5=85 D878G5A:>9 25;8G8=K, => 8 >F5=8BL B>G=>ABL @57C;LB0B0 87;8G5AB25==>9 9 B>G=>AB8 A;C60B E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 ?>3@5H=>AB8 @57C;LB0B0 87;NB=>9 ?>3@5H=>ABLN ( @57C;LB0B0 87ABL < 87<5@5=8O X 8 8AB8==K< 7=0G5=85< 87<5@O59 25;8G8=K X8: ( = X  X8. (1.1) >A:>;L:C 8AB8==>5 7=0G5=85 X8 =58725AB=>, ?>3@5H=>ABL =0E>4OB ?> ?@81;865==>9 D>@5 7=0G5=85 87<5@O59 25;8G8=K, 70254> 1>;55 B>G=>5, G5A8B5;L=>9 ?>3@5H=>ABLN ´ @57C;LB0B0 87B=>H5=85 01A>;NB=>9 ?>3@5H=>AB8 ” : 7=0G5=8O5 2 4>;OE 8;8 ?@>F5=B0E:  EMBED Equation.3 , (1.3) 8;8  EMBED Equation.3 . (1.4)  7028A8AB8 >B 8AB>G=8:0 2>7=8:=>25=8O ?>3@5H=>AB8 @57C;LB0B0 87<5@5=8O @07;8G0NB 8=AB@C<5=B0;L=CN ”8, 48G5A:CN ”AB02;ONI85 MB>9 ?>3@5H=>AB8: ” = ”8 + ”<5B + ”AC1 . (1.5) =AB@C3@5H=>ABL >1CA;>2;5=0 ?>3@5H=>ABO<8 ?@8<5=O5<KE A@54AB2 87<5@5=89, 48G5A:0O  =5A>25@H5=AB2>< 40 87<5@5=89, 0 AC1J5:B82=0O  8=48284C0;L=KA>15==>ABO?5@0B>@0. @8<5@ 48G5A:>9 ?>3@5H=>AB8 (?>3@5H=>AB8 40 873@5H=>ABL, 2K720==0O 87<5=5=85< 87<5@O59 D878G5A:>9 25;8G8=K ?@8 ?>4:;NG5=88 A@54AB20 871J5:BC (?>3@5H=>ABL >B 2708459AB28O A@54AB20 871J5:B><). @89 ?>3@5H=>AB8: ?>3@5H=>ABL >BAG8BK20=8O ?> H:0;5 ?@81>@0.  HYPERLINK \l "_{18}" {18} A;8 2 ?@>F5AA5 879 25;8G8=K >=0 =5 875 87 8<55B  AB0B8G5A:0O ?>3@5H=>ABL @57C;LB0B0 87B82=>7=8:05B 4>?>;=8B5;L=0O A>AB02;ONI0O ?>3@5H=>AB8, =07K205<0O 48=09 ?>3@5H=>ABLN @57C;LB0B0 87<5@5=8O. @8 3>:@0B=>< 87<5@5=88 =5 87 2@59 25;8G8=K @57C;LB0BK 87<5@5=89 87<5=ONBAO, ?@8G5< MB8 871I5MB><C @57C;LB0B 873@5H=>ABL @57C;LB0B0 87<5@5=8O ” A;54C5B AG8B0BL A;CG09=K<8 25;8G8=0<8. 0B55 >6840=85  EMBED Equation.3  =07K20NB A8AB59 ?>3@5H=>ABLN ”A: ”A =  EMBED Equation.3 . (1.6) ">340 ” = ”A +  EMBED Equation.3 , (1.7) 345  EMBED Equation.3  - A>AB02;ONI0O ?>3@5H=>AB8 ”, 85 <0B55 >6840=85; 55 =07K20NB A;CG09=>9 (8;8 F5=B@8@>20==>9) ?>3@5H=>ABLN.  HYPERLINK \l "_{19}" {19} A=>2=K<8 E0@0:B5@8AB8:03@5H=>AB8 ” O2;ONBAO: DC=:F8O @0A?@545;5=8O F(”), ?;>B=>ABL 25@>OB=>AB8 f(”), <0B55 >6840=85  EMBED Equation.3  = ”A 8 A@54=5:204@0B8G5A:>5 >B:;>=5=85 Ã(”) = Ã.  HYPERLINK \l "_{110}" {110} 1.1.3. $>@2 87 A;CG09=>ABLN ?>3@5H=>AB8 ” @57C;LB0B 87<5@5=8O 6=> ?@54AB028BL 2 A;54CNI5B ”= 4> ”2; P, (1.8) 345 x  7=0G5=85 879 25;8G8=K; ”= 8 ”2  A>>B25BAB25==> =86=OO 8 25@E=OO 3@0=8FK ?>3@5H=>AB8; P  25@>OB=>ABL B>3>, GB> ?>3@5H=>ABL ?@8B ”= 4> ”2: P = P[”= < ” 25@8B5;L=K25@8B5;L=>9 25@>OB=>ABLN. 1KG=> 2K18@0NB A8<B=>A8B5;L=> =C;O 4>25@8B5;L=K9 8=B5@20;, ?@8 :>B>@>5 7=0G5=85 ?>3@5H=>AB8. ">340 (1.9) 6=> ?@54AB028BL 2 2845 P = P[|”| < ”3], (1.11) 0 @57C;LB0B 87;55 ?@>AB> A@02=5=8N A (1.8) 2845: x ± ”3, P. (1.12) @8 MB>F5=:8 B>G=>AB8 @57C;LB0B0 87<5@5=8O 6=> 1K;> 1K AD>@20BL B0:: ?@8 7040==>1E>48 =09B8 P 8;8 ?@8 7040==>, @57C;LB0B 87<5@5=8O B5G=55, G5< ;LH5 P ?@8 7040==>< 7=0G5=88 ”3).  ;>388 ?@8=OB> 2K18@0BL 7=0G5=8O P 87 @O40: 0,95; 0,99; 1. A;8 1K 70:>=K @0A?@545;5=8O ?>3@5H=>AB59 1K;8 8725AB=K, B> 4>25@8B5;L=CN 25@>OB=>ABL 6=> 1K;> 1K @0AAG8B0BL ?> D>@<C;0=K @0A?@545;5=8O ?>3@5H=>AB59 8725AB=K ?@81;865==>. '0I5 2A53> 8E 0??@>:A8@<0;L=K=0=09 ?;>B=>AB8.  HYPERLINK \l "_{111}" {111} 54>AB0B>G=>9 8=D>@ 70:>=0E @0A?@545;5=8O ?>3@5H=>AB59 >1JOA=O5BAO A;54CNI0O @5:>;55, G5< A 42C<O 7=0G0I8<8 F8D@0<8, ?@8G5A;54=OO 7=0G0I0O F8D@0 4>;6=0 1KBL B>3> 65 ?>@O4:0, GB> 8 ?>A;54=OO 7=0G0I0O F8D@0 @57C;LB0B0 87<5@5=8O x. 0?@8B  1,2 4> 1,5 ; P = 0,95. "0:0O 70?8AL >7=0G05B, GB> 4;O 2K1@0==>9 45;8 70:>=0 @0A?@545;5=8O ?>3@5H=>AB59 8AB8==>5 7=0G5=85 87<5@O53> =0?@O65=8O =0E>48BAO 2 480?07>=5 >B 102,8 4> 105,5  A 25@>OB=>ABLN 0,95. A;8 A8AB53@5H=>ABL ”A 8725AB=0, B> F5;5A>>1@07=> 8A:;NG8BL 55 87 @57C;LB0B0 87<5@5=8O, 70<5=82 @57C;LB0B 875 7=0G5=85 @57C;LB0B0 87?@02:0.  >B;8G85 >B x, 8A?@02;5==>5 7=0G5=85 x8A?@ =5 A>45@68B A8AB59 ?>3@5H=>AB8 8 4;O 38E 70:>=>2 @0A?@545;5=8O ?>3@5H=>AB59 65B 1KBL ACI5AB25==> B>G=55. 1KG=> 8725AB=> =5 7=0G5=85 ”A, 0 480?07>= 2>76=KE 7=0G5=89 A8AB59 ?>3@5H=>AB8: ”A= <”A>B25BAB25==> =86=OO 8 25@E=OO 3@0=8FK A8AB59 ?>3@5H=>AB8.  MB>?@02:C @0AAG8BK20NB ?> D>@ ?>A;5 22545=8O B0:>9 ?>?@02:8 >AB0NBAO =58A:;NG5==K5 >AB0B:8 A8AB59 ?>3@5H=>AB8 ”A=8, ?@8G5<  EMBED Equation.3  < ”A=8 3@5H=>AB8 8A?@02;5==>3> @57C;LB0B0 871KG=> AG8B0NB ”A=8 A;CG09=>9 25;8G8=>9, @02=> @0A?@545;5==>9 =0 >B@57:5, 7040==>@9 (1.17).  HYPERLINK \l "_{112}" {112}  !+: 1. '5B;8G0NBAO A@54AB20 87B 4@C38E B5E=8G5A:8E A@54AB2? 2. 0:85 A@54AB20 87<5@5=89 0G5<C 871@07>20B5;8 =5 >B=>AOB : A@54AB20< 87<5@5=89? 4. @82548B5 ?@8<5@ 48G5A:>9 ?>3@5H=>AB8 @57C;LB0B0 87<5@5=8O. 5. '5< A8AB53@5H=>ABL @57C;LB0B0 87B;8G05BAO >B A;CG09=>9? 6. 0: >F5=8205BAO B>G=>ABL @57C;LB0B0 87 22>4OBAO ?>?@02:8 2 @57C;LB0BK 87@2 87<5@5=89 0;>38G5A:85 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 A@54AB2 879 B5E=8:8. 1.2.1. A=>2=K5 B5@?@545;5=8O.  40==>< @0745;5 @0AA<0B@820NBAO ;>38G5A:85 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 42CE >A=>2=KE 3@C?? A@54AB2 879 B5E=8:8: A@54AB2 87<5@5=89 8 871@07>20B5;59. 5B@>;>38G5A:85 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 A@54AB2 879 B5E=8:8 ?@54=07=0G5=K 4;O 1) >?@545;5=8O @57C;LB0B0 87?@545;5=8O ?>3@5H=>AB8 @57C;LB0B0 87?@545;5=8O ;>38G5A:8E E0@0:B5@8AB8: A@54AB2 87B>@KE 8A?>;L7CNBAO 40==K5 A@54AB20 879 B5E=8:8. @8<5@K: F5=0 45;5=8O H:0;K 8;8 7=0G5=85 548=8FK  @07@O40 (A>>B25BAB25==> 4;O 0=0;>3>2KE 8 F8D@>2KE ?@81>@>2); =>5 7=0G5=85 2>G=0O E0@0:B5@8AB8:0 A@54AB20 871@07>20=8O 873> ?@5>1@07>20B5;O; =>MDD8F85=B CA8;5=8O 873> CA8;8B5;O =0?@O65=8O.  HYPERLINK \l "_{113}" {113} 0==K5 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8 =5>1E>48?@545;5=8O @57C;LB0B0 87?@545;5=8O ;>38G5A:8E E0@0:B5@8AB8: 872>: 8;8 A8AB5;>38G5A:85 E0@0:B5@8AB8:8, =5>1E>483@5H=>AB8 @57C;LB0B0 87<5@5=8O, @0AAB@5=K =865. @8 2K1>@5 A@54AB2 879 B5E=8:8 =5>1E>48 >1@0I0BL 2=8= ?>:070=89 8 480?07>= 87<5@5=89 A@54AB20 87ABL, ?>@>3 GC2AB28B5;L=>AB8, A:070=89, 2E>4=>5 8 2KE>4=>5 A>?@>B82;5=85, G0AB>B=K9 480?07>= 8 385 4@C385.  HYPERLINK \l "_{114}" {114} 1.2.2. >3@5H=>AB8 A@54AB2 87;NB=0O ?>3@5H=>ABL A@54AB20 87 @07=>ABL :070=85< A@54AB20 87<5@5=89 (XA8) 8 8AB8==K< (X8) 8;8 459AB28B5;L=K< (X4) 7=0G5=85< 87<5@O59 D878G5A:>9 25;8G8=K: (A8 = XA8  X8 H" XA8  X4. (1.18) A;8 40==>5 A@54AB2> 87<5@5=89   «?>:070=855 7=0G5=85. B=>A8B5;L=0O ?>3@5H=>ABL A@54AB20 87 >B=>H5=85 01A>;NB=>9 ?>3@5H=>AB8 ”A8 : 7=0G5=8N X4, 2K@065==>5 2 4>;OE 8;8 ?@>F5=B0E:  EMBED Equation.3 , (1.19) ?@8G5@<C;5 (1.19) 2 X4 6=> 8A?>;L7>20BL ?@81;865==K5 7=0G5=8O: @57C;LB0B 87:070=85 A@54AB20 873@5H=>ABL A@54AB20 87 >B=>H5=85 01A>;NB=>9 ?>3@5H=>AB8 (A8 : =>@<8@CNI5<C 7=0G5=8N X=, CAB0=02;8205=:@5B=K5 @07=>284=>AB8 A@54AB2 873@5H=>ABL >1KG=> 2K@060NB 2 ?@>F5=B0E:  EMBED Equation.3 . (1.20) !8AB53@5H=>ABL A@54AB20 87AB02;ONI0O ?>3@5H=>AB8 !, >AB0NI0OAO ?>AB>O==>9 (?@8 =5879 87<5@O59 25;8G8=5) 8;8 87=>. !;CG09=0O (F5=B@8@>20==0O) ?>3@5H=>ABL A@54AB20 87AB02;ONI0O ?>3@5H=>AB8 !, 87<5=ONI0OAO A;CG09=K1@07>< 8 85 <0B55 >6840=85.  ?>=OB8O< A8AB53@5H=>ABL A@54AB20 87;=>ABLN ?@8<5=8>1@065=8O, 87;>65==K5 2KH5 2 @0745;5 1.1.2, 8 D>@B>@KE A;54C5B 703@5H=>ABL 873@5H=>ABL A@54AB20 873@5H=>ABL A@54AB20 87 ?>3@5H=>ABL !, ?@8<5=O53> 4;O 87<5@5=8O =5879 (2 ?@>F5AA5 879 25;8G8=K. 8=03@5H=>ABL A@54AB20 87 A>AB02;ONI0O ?>3@5H=>AB8 !, 2K720==0O 87<5=5=85< 87<5@O59 D878G5A:>9 25;8G8=K 2 ?@>F5AA5 87=OB8O, ?@82545==K5 2 :;0AA8D8:0F88 @8A. 1.2, 1C4CB @0AAB@5=K =865. 1.2.3. >3@5H=>AB8 871@07>20B5;59. 0AAB@5==0O :;0AA8D8:0F8O ?>3@5H=>AB59 A@54AB2 87<5@5=89 ?@8<5=8<0 8 4;O 871@07>20B5;59 (). 4=0:> 4;O =8E, :@>3>, H8@>:> 8A?>;L7CNBAO 5I5 420 ?>=OB8O: ?>3@5H=>ABL , ?@82545==0O :> 2E>4C (?>3@5H=>ABL ?> 2E>4C), 8 ?>3@5H=>ABL , ?@82545==0O : 2KE>4C (?>3@5H=>ABL ?> 2KE>4C). =D>@1 MB8E ?>3@5H=>ABOE =5>1E>48<0 4;O @0AG5B0 ;>38G5A:8E E0@0:B5@8AB8: A@54AB2 87AB02 :>B>@KE 2E>4OB 871@07>20B5;8. $C=:F859 ?@5>1@07>20=8O 873> ?@5>1@07>20B5;O =07K20NB 7028A8ABL @<0B82=K<8 ?0@0<5B@04=>3> 8 2KE>4=>3> A83=0;>2 879 8=D>@<0F88.  :0G5AB25 ?@8<5@0 @0AAB@84=K4=K< A83=0;0B>@>3> O2;ONBAO M;5:B@8G5A:85 =0?@O65=8O. =D>@<0B82=K< ?0@045  O2;O5BAO 459AB2CNI55 7=0G5=85 MB>3> =0?@O65=8O, 0 8=D>@<0B82=K< ?0@045  G0AB>B0 2KE>4=>3> =0?@O65=8O. $C=:F8O ?@5>1@07>20=8O B0:>3>   MB> 7028A8ABL <564C 459AB2CNI8< 7=0G5=85 2E>45 8 G0AB>B>9 =0?@O65=8O =0 2KE>45. 25451>7=0G5=8O: x  2E>4=0O 25;8G8=0  (8AB8==>5 7=0G5=85 8=D>@3> ?0@04=>3> A83=0;0), y  2KE>4=0O 25;8G8=0 , Æ(x)  @50;L=0O DC=:F8O ?@5>1@07>20=8O , Æ=(x)  =>1@07>20=8O. > >?@545;5=8N ”2KE(x) = Æ(x)  Æ=(x), (1.21) 345 ”2KE(x)  01A>;NB=0O ?>3@5H=>ABL  ?> 2KE>4C. >3@5H=>ABL  6=> ?@825AB8 : 53> 2E>4C: ”2E(x) = ¨=[Æ(x)]  x, (1.22) 345 ”2E(x)  01A>;NB=0O ?>3@5H=>ABL  ?> 2E>4C, 0 ¨=  DC=:F8O, >1@0B=0O DC=:F88 Æ=. @82545==K5 >?@545;5=8O 01A>;NB=KE ?>3@5H=>AB59  ?> 2E>4C 8 2KE>4C 8;;NAB@8@C5B @8A. 1.3. 1A>;NB=CN ?>3@5H=>ABL  ?> 2E>4C 6=> 8=B5@?@5B8@>20BL A;54CNI81@07>;>68  8A?>;L7C5BAO 4;O 879 25;8G8=K x. 0 2KE>45  2:;NG5= B>G=K9 ?@81>@, 874=CN 25;8G8=C y A ?@5=51@568 9 ?>3@5H=>ABLN. =0O 7=0G5=85 y = Æ=(x), M:A?5@8@ =0E>48B @57C;LB0B 874=>9 25;8G8=K ?> 8725AB=>9 59 DC=:F88 ?@5>1@07>20=8O X = ¨=(y) = ¨=[Æ(x)]. "0:81@07>5 ?> D>@<C;5 (1.22) 7=0G5=85 ”2E(x) 6=> @0AAAB02;ONICN ?>3@5H=>AB8, 2=>A8<CN  2 @57C;LB0B 874=>9 25;8G8=K x.   A;8 Æ(x) 8 Æ=(x)  DC=:F88, ?@>872>4=K5 :>B>@KE 87<5=ONBAO  8 ?;02=>, B>  EMBED Equation.3  . (1.23) A;8 Æ=(x)  ?@O D>@;55 C?@>I05BAO. 0?@8<5@, 5A;8   87<8=0;L=KMDD8F85=B> 53> ?>3@5H=>AB8, ?@82545==K5 :> 2E>4C 8 2KE>4C, A2O70=K 1>9 ?@>ABK>B=>H5=85<: ”2KE = = ”2E . (1.24) 1.2.4. 448B82=0O, AB02;ONI85 ?>3@5H=>AB8. 0==K5 A>AB02;ONI85 ?>3@5H=>AB8 E0@0:B5@=K :0: 4;O A@54AB2 87<5@5=89, B0: 8 4;O 871@07>20B5;59. 1KG=> >?@545;ONB 0448B82=CN, 3@5H=>AB8 :0: A>AB02;ONI85 01A>;NB=>9 A8AB59 ?>3@5H=>AB8 ”(x), A>>B25BAB25==> =5 7028AOICN >B 87<5@O59 25;8G8=K x, 7028AOICN >B x ;8=59=> 8 7028AOICN >B x =5 ;8=59=>. 5;8=59=CN A>AB02;ONICN ?>3@5H=>AB8 ?@8 : 87<5@8B5;L=K1@07>20B5;O9 =>9 DC=:F859 ?@5>1@07>20=8O =07K20NB ?>3@5H=>ABLN ;8=59=>AB8. 4=0:> B0:>5 >?@545;5=85 =5 ?>72>;O5B >4=>7=0G=> 2K45;8BL MB8 A>AB02;ONI85 87 @50;L=> =01;N4059 7028A8AB8 ”(x), ?@8B>@>9 ?@82545= =0 @8A. 1.40. 59AB28B5;L=>, 2 :0G5AB25 A>AB02;ONI59 ?>3@5H=>AB8 ”(x), =0?@8B x, 6=> ?@8=OBL ;N1>5 7=0G5=85 ?>3@5H=>AB8. !CI5AB2CNB @07;8G=K5 ?>4E>4K : >?@545;5=8N C:070==KE A>AB02;ONI8E ?>3@5H=>AB8. 865 ?@82545= >48= 87 ?@8=OBKE ?>4E>4>2. > >?@545;5=8N ”(x) = ”0 + ”;NB=0O ?>3@5H=>ABL, ”0  0448B82=0O A>AB02;ONI0O MB>9 ?>3@5H=>AB8 (0448B82=0O ?>3@5H=>ABL), ”<  AB02;ONI0O ?>3@5H=>AB8 (3@5H=>ABL), ”=  =5;8=59=0O A>AB02;ONI0O ?>3@5H=>AB8 (?>3@5H=>ABL ;8=59=>AB8, =5;8=59=>ABL). 1KG=> AG8B0NB, GB> ”0 = ”(x0), (1.26) 345 x0  7=0G5=85 87<5@O59 25;8G8=K, ;560I55 2=CB@8 480?07>=0 87AB8, 5A;8 MB>B 8=B5@20; A>45@68B B>G:C 0, B> 2K18@0NB x0 = 0. ">340 ”0 = ”(0). (1.27) 0 @8A. 1.41 ?@82545= 3@0D8: 7028A8AB8 ”(x)  ”0 = ”B 87<5@O59 25;8G8=K x. C;LB8?;8:0B82=0O A>AB02;ONI0O ?>3@5H=>AB8 ?> >?@545;5=8N 7028A8B >B x ;8=59=>. !>>B25BAB2CNICN ?@O1KG=> ?@>2>4OB G5@57 B>G:8 [x0; ”(x0)] 8 [x2; ”(x2)]. ">340  EMBED Equation.3 . (1.28)  G0AB=>  EMBED Equation.3  (1.29) 5;8=59=0O A>AB02;ONI0O ?>3@5H=>AB8 ”= >?@545;O5BAO 87 (1.25) A CG5B> ?>:070=> =0 @8A. 1.42.  1.2.5. A=>2=0O 8 4>?>;=8B5;L=K5 ?>3@5H=>AB8. $878G5A:0O 25;8G8=0, =5 87<5@O5<0O 40==K< 87 >:07K20NI0O 2;8O=85 =0 @57C;LB0BK 879 25;8G8=>9. @8<5@K 2;8ONI8E 25;8G8=: B5ABL >:@C60NI53> 2>74CE0, =0?@O65=85 8 G0AB>B0 ?8B0NI59 A5B8, 0BAD5@=>5 402;5=85.  2;8ONI8< 25;8G8=0B=>AOB B0:65 =58=D>@<0B82=K5 ?0@0<5B@K 872. 0?@8;LB<5B@0, 87 459AB2CNI55 7=0G5=85 =0?@O65=8O (=0?@O65=85  87@<0B82=K9 ?0@0@<0B82=K<8 ?0@0<5B@0B0 8 :>MDD8F85=B 03> =0?@O65=8O.  B5E=8G5A:>9 4>:C=:@5B=K5 @07=>284=>AB8 A@54AB2 87@@G85 >1;0AB8 7=0G5=89 2;8ONI8E 25;8G8=, 0 B0:65 =>@G85 CA;>28O 87<5@5=89. 0?@89 4>:C<5=B0F88 65B 1KBL C:070=>: ;8ONI0O 25;8G8=0: B5:@C60NI53> 2>74CE0. >@5 7=0G5=85 2;8ONI59 25;8G8=K: 20 °!. >@1;0ABL 7=0G5=89 2;8ONI59 25;8G8=K: >B +18 4> +22 °!. 01>G0O >1;0ABL 7=0G5=89 2;8ONI59 25;8G8=K: >B +5 4> +40 °!. >3@5H=>ABL A@54AB20 87<5@5=89, ?@8<5=O53> 2 =>@28OE, =07K205BAO >A=>2=>9. !>AB02;ONI0O ?>3@5H=>AB8 A@54AB20 87B:;>=5=854=>9 87 2;8ONI8E 25;8G8= >B =>@3> 7=0G5=8O 8;8 2KE>40 55 70 ?@545;K =>@9 >1;0AB8 7=0G5=89, =07K205BAO 4>?>;=8B5;L=>9.  HYPERLINK \l "_{117}" {117} ;O A@54AB20 87;L7C53> 2 @01>G8E CA;>28OE, 2 >1I51E>48 CG8BK20BL AB>;L:> 4>?>;=8B5;L=KE ?>3@5H=>AB59, A:>;L:> 2;8ONI8E 25;8G8= C:070=> 2 B5E=8G5A:>9 4>:C5 A@54AB2> 879 4>:C 87?CA:05A=>2=>9 8 4>?>;=8B5;L=KE ?>3@5H=>AB59  <0:A8 4C;N ?>3@5H=>AB8 A@54AB20 87B>@KE >=> 5I5 ?@87=05BAO 3>4=K< : ?@8B>@K5 A@54AB20 87<5@5=89 3CB CAB0=02;820BLAO ?@545;K 4>?CA:053@5H=>AB59 2 @01>G8E CA;>28OE. =D>@ ?@545;0E 4>?CA:053@5H=>AB59 8A?>;L7C5BAO ?@8 >F5=:5 B>G=>AB8 @57C;LB0B>2 87;CG5==KEðàçäåëû òóáà ìàøèíà ôàêñèìèëå êóïèòü êàáîëêà íóæíûé áèëåò ïðåðûâàíèå áåðåìåííîñòü ìîðîçèëüíûé âèòðèíà ìóðàíî ïëîìáèðîâàíèå ýêñèìåð ëàçåð íîâîñåëüñêèé äîëîìèò áàõèëà ïðîèçâîäèòåëü õîëîäíûé îáçâîí âàçà 2115 áàõèëà ïðîèçâîäèòåëü ñâåòîîòðàæàþùèé êðàñêà êóïèòü ÿéöåâàðêó âîëîñîâñêèé äîëîìèò êóïèòü íèïïåëü ïåðåõ êñ-4361 îðãàíèçàöèÿ ïîõîðîí ôìñ ïï-ïëåíêà âàãîíêà ïîëîâîé äîñêà òà÷-ñêðèí ìîíèòîð êîìïëåêñíûé ñàéò ãîñïèòàëü ìýø ëàä ïðîòåèí ýëåêòðî ëàáîðàòîðèÿ ìàñëî îáëåïèõ.êîíöåíòðàò êîìïëåêñíûé ñàéò 5440.14 (êðûøêà) òðîéíèê ïåðåõ kiev apartments service ãàçîâûé çàïðàâêà êóëåð 939 ñòèìóëèðóþùèé ëîòåðåÿ àïïàðàò ôèãóðíûé íàðåçêà òåñò îãíåçàùèòíûé ñîñòàâ âàëåðèé áèëåò ñëèì ëèôò ñíåãîõîä áóðàí 5440.14 (êðûøêà) øòåíäåðû ìèãðåíü òåëåôîííûé àíêåòèðîâàíèå èíòåëëåêòóàëüíûé ýëåêòðîñ÷åò÷èê öâåò ãîðîä ïðåäîõðàíèòåëü ïêý dvd-box de luxe 5040.11 ðàñòâîðèòåëü ãíá êóïèòü ïàðîâàðêà âèäåîñëîò ãèðÿ òîðãîâûé êàëèáðîâî÷íûé êàéò ïèëîòàæíûé íóæåí ôîòîãðàô öâåò ãàðìîíèÿ áîðäþð îáîåâ kyiv apartaments service ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûé òàðà õëåáîðåçêà àõì datamax ïîñòàâêà òðîéíèê asus p505 ìóðàíî ïîäâîäíûé ãèäðîìàññàæ ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûé ïñèõîëîã êîìïàíèÿ äîìèíèêå ãàçîíîêîñèëêà elmos ãîñòèííèöû ñàíêò-ïèòåðáóðãà âîññòàíîâëåíèå óäàëåííûé èíôîðìàöèÿ öåíòð êîíñóëüòèðîâàíèå ñêñ ñîçäàíèå àíèìàöèîííûé êëèï ãèðÿ òîðãîâûé êàëèáðîâî÷íûé